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Qus: <p>Arrange the following operating system components from lowest to highest in terms of abstraction (from hardware to user-level):</p><p>1️⃣ Kernel</p><p>2️⃣ User Interface (Shell)</p><p>3️⃣ Application Programs</p><p>4️⃣ Hardware</p>

Qusनिम्नलिखित ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम घटकों को अमूर्तता के संदर्भ में निम्नतम से उच्चतम तक व्यवस्थित करें (हार्डवेयर से उपयोगकर्ता-स्तर तक):

A. 1 → 4 → 3 → 2
B. 4 → 3 → 2 → 1
C. 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
D. 4 → 1 → 2 → 3


Solution
D. 4 → 1 → 2 → 3



Explanation

Hardware is the base, closest to the physical machine.

Kernel is the core part of the OS that manages resources.

User Interface (Shell) interacts with the user.

Application Programs (like Word or a browser) are built on top of the OS.