CCC Flash card for Practice Exam

What is Software

Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem.

what is System Software

The system software is collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. System software serves as the interface between hardware and the end users.

What is Application Software

Application software products are designed to satisfy a particular need of a particular environment. All software applications prepared in the computer lab can come under the category of Application software.

Explain the main purpose of an operating system?

Operating systems exist for two main purposes. One is that it is designed to make sure a computer system performs well by managing its computational activities. Another is that it provides an environment for the development and execution of programs.

What is demand paging?

Demand paging is referred when not all of a process’s pages are in the RAM, then the OS brings the missing(and required) pages from the disk into the RAM.

What are the advantages of a multiprocessor system?

With an increased number of processors, there is a considerable increase in throughput. It can also save more money because they can share resources. Finally, overall reliability is increased as well.

What is kernel?

A kernel is the core of every operating system. It connects applications to the actual processing of data. It also manages all communications between software and hardware components to ensure usability and reliability.

What are real-time systems?

Real-time systems are used when rigid time requirements have been placed on the operation of a processor. It has well defined and fixed time constraints.

What is a virtual memory?

Virtual memory is a memory management technique for letting processes execute outside of memory. This is very useful especially is an executing program cannot fit in the physical memory.

Describe the objective of multiprogramming.

The main objective of multiprogramming is to have a process running at all times. With this design, CPU utilization is said to be maximized.

What is time- sharing system?

In a Time-sharing system, the CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them, also known as multitasking. This process happens so fast that users can interact with each program while it is running.

What is the basic function of paging?

Paging is a memory management scheme that permits the physical address space of a process to be noncontiguous. It avoids the considerable problem of having to fit varied sized memory chunks onto the backing store.

What is fragmentation?

Fragmentation is memory wasted. It can be internal if we are dealing with systems that have fixed-sized allocation units, or external if we are dealing with systems that have variable-sized allocation units.

What is multitasking?

Multitasking is the process within an operating system that allows the user to run several applications at the same time. However, only one application is active at a time for user interaction, although some applications can run “behind the scene”.

What is caching?

Caching is the processing of utilizing a region of fast memory for a limited data and process. A cache memory is usually much efficient because of its high access speed.

What is spooling?

Spooling is normally associated with printing. When different applications want to send an output to the printer at the same time, spooling takes all of these print jobs into a disk file and queues them accordingly to the printer.

What is the relationship between operating systems and computer hardware?

Operating system helps to make computer hardware available to the application programs. Without Operating System we cannot access computer hardware.

What is Linux?

Linux is a UNIX based operating system. Linus Torvalds first introduced it. It is an open source operating system that was designed to provide free and a low-cost operating system for the computer users.

What is the difference between UNIX and Linux?

UNIX was originally started as a propriety operating system for Bell Laboratories, which later release their commercial version while Linux is a free, open source and a non-propriety operating system for the mass uses.

What is Linux Kernel?

Linux Kernel is low-level system software. It is used to manage the hardware resources for the users. It provides an interface for user-level interaction.

Is it legal to edit Linux Kernel?

Yes. You can edit Linux Kernel because it is released under General Public License (GPL) and anyone can edit it. It comes under the category of free and open source software

What is the advantage of open source?

Open source facilitates you to distribute your software, including source codes freely to anyone who is interested. So, you can add features and even debug and correct errors of the source code.

What are the basic components of Linux?

Just like other operating systems, Linux has all components like kernel, shells, GUIs, system utilities and application programs.

What is the advantage of Linux?

Every aspect comes with additional features, and it provides a free downloading facility for all codes.

What is BASH?

BASH is a short form of Bourne Again SHell. It was a replacement to the original Bourne shell, written by Steve Bourne.

What is CLI?

CLI stands for Command Line Interface. It is an interface that allows users to type declarative commands to instruct the computer to perform operations.

What is the GUI?

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface. It uses the images and the icons which are clicked by the users to communicate with the system. It is more attractive and user-friendly because of the use of the images and icons.

What is COMPUTER VIRUS?

is a computer program that has capability of self extracting to itself. It is a small block of codes that obtain the control of a PC’s, CPU and direct to perform unusual & often distractive actions.

Operating System

An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Utility Programs

Utility software is system software designed to help to analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. 

Programming Languages

A programming language is a formal language, which comprises a set of instructions used to produce various kinds of output. 

Types of Programming Languages

Assembly Languages

An assembly language, often abbreviated asm, is any low-level programming language in which there is a very strong correspondence between the program's statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

High Level Languages

A high-level language (HLL) is a programminglanguage such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer.

LINUX

Windows XP

Windows XP was released in 2001.Windows XP comes in two versions, Home and Professional. XP contains accessories, communications and entertainment programs.

Icons

An icon is a small graphic representation of a program.

What is a File?

A file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings, or commands that are used by a computer program.

System Tools

System Tools allows user to perform some basic maintenance from time to time to keep Operating System run smoothly.

multimedia

A media which combines different content forms of text, audio, video, animation, interactive features, still images to get a finished product is defined as multimedia.

Computer Software

Computer software is also known as computer programs, is the non-tangible component of computers. Computer software contrasts with computer hardware, which is the physical component of computers.

Types of Software

Software are categorized into,  System Software  Application Software

System Software

Systems software is a set of instructions that serves primarily as an intermediary between computer hardware and application programs, and may also be directly manipulated by knowledgeable users.

Operating System

Operating System is an important system software found almost in all computers.Operating is defined as the program, that instructs the computer how to work with its various components.

Utility Programs

Utility software is a type of system software designed to help analyze, config, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool.

Application Software

Application software is computer software, designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks. They act as instructions which direct the hardware to perform specific functions.

Compiler

Compiler is a program that translates one language (source program) as input and translates into an equivalent another language (target program).

Free Domain Software

Free Domain Software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use, copy and distribute either original or with modifications either without charge or for fee

Window

A window is simply a rectangular unit that acts independently from other windows. In a graphical user interface (GUI), the boundaries of the window can be easily expanded or contracted.